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The Old Dock, originally known as Thomas Steer's dock, was the world's first commercial wet dock.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Trading Places: Old Dock History )〕 The dock was built on the River Mersey in Liverpool, England, starting in 1709 and completed in 1715. A natural tidal pool off the river Mersey was partially filled and locked in from the river with quay walls erected. The "Pool" gives its name to Liverpool. Thomas Steers was the engineer responsible; additional advice was obtained from George Sorocold. ==History== The Old Dock opened on 31 August 1715〔(【引用サイトリンク】title='Liverpool: The docks', A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4 (1911), pp. 41-43 )〕 and accommodated up to 100 ships. Originally a tidal basin was accessed directly from the river,〔 and from 1737 access was via Canning Dock. The dock was built with one graving dock; a second and third graving dock where added in 1746 and the 1750s. The dock walls were constructed from brick laid directly on to sandstone bedrock. The dock gates would have allowed as much as 10% of the water out between high tides, resulting in a water level drop of several feet. This may have been offset by water entering the dock from a stream.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Time Team )〕 Although Liverpool vessels were involved in the slave trade before the dock opened, it would have served ships involved in the Africa-America trade, propelling Liverpool to world leader of this trade. The dock led to Liverpool's establishment as the leading European port and subsequent world trading port. In the early 19th century, the dock was considered too small for the growing size of shipping using the port; the quays were too narrow; the city's sewage polluted the dock's water; and the narrow wooden drawbridge across its entrance channel caused traffic jams.〔 Sentiment saved the Old Dock for 20 years, but the Old Dock closed on 31 August 1826〔 and was filled in. Liverpool’s fourth Custom House, designed by John Foster, was built on the site between 1828 and 1837, and was demolished after severe bomb damage during World War II.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Customs House )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Old Dock」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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